Dealing with Juveniles

We play a crucial role in maintaining public safety and upholding the law. When dealing with juveniles, however, the approach must be nuanced, considering both practical and legal aspects.

“Get away from my car.”

vs

“Here’s a sticker.”

Tunnel vision: most of us are susceptible to it. Unless you are a SRO, the vast majority of your contacts are with adults. Here is a quick reminder of things to consider when dealing with juveniles.

Age of Majority:

One of the fundamental distinctions in the criminal justice system is the age of majority. Juveniles are typically defined as individuals under the age of 18, although this can vary by jurisdiction. Recognizing this age difference is crucial when dealing with juveniles, as their cognitive and emotional development may not be fully matured.

Rehabilitation Focus:

The juvenile justice system places a greater emphasis on rehabilitation rather than punishment. Officers should consider this philosophy when interacting with juveniles, aiming to divert them from a life of crime by offering appropriate resources and support.

Confidentiality:

Juvenile records are often sealed or expunged once the individual reaches a certain age or completes a diversion program successfully. Police officers must adhere to strict confidentiality guidelines to protect the juvenile's future opportunities and prospects.

Miranda Rights:

Juveniles have the same Miranda rights as adults, including the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney. Officers must ensure that juveniles understand these rights, which can be challenging given their age and level of comprehension. In some places, officers must contact a DA representative to assist with the Miranda procedure.

Parental Notification:

In most cases, officers must notify a juvenile's parents or legal guardians when taking them into custody. Exceptions apply in cases of abuse or neglect, but this requirement is critical to maintaining transparency and ensuring the child's well-being.

Interrogation Rules:

Police officers must be cautious during interrogations with juveniles. Coercion, intimidation, or deception can lead to inadmissible statements in court, and officers must ensure that any confession is voluntary and informed.

Communication:

Effective communication is vital when interacting with juveniles. Officers should use age-appropriate language, be patient, and maintain a non-confrontational demeanor.

Youth Programs:

Police departments often offer youth programs aimed at fostering positive relationships between law enforcement and young people. Engaging in these programs can help build trust within the community and prevent future crime.

De-escalation Skills:

Officers should be trained in de-escalation techniques that are tailored to the unique needs and vulnerabilities of juveniles. Understanding how to defuse situations without resorting to force is crucial.

When dealing with juveniles, police officers must navigate a complex landscape that encompasses both practical and legal considerations. Recognizing the differences between the juvenile and adult justice systems, understanding the rights of juveniles, and focusing on building trust through positive personal contacts are all essential aspects of ensuring that law enforcement interactions with young individuals are fair, just, and conducive to rehabilitation and community safety. Balancing these considerations helps maintain a harmonious relationship between police and juveniles while upholding the principles of justice.

—Team TacBook